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Nhl jan 20 2022 download free8/21/2023 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is more common in obese and patients with an underlying history of autoimmune diseases. Chemical agents such as dyes and pesticides can also increase the risk for lymphoma. Other risk factors for the development of B-cell lymphomas include family or personal history of lymphoma, history of radiation, and chemotherapy. Also, the transformation from different kinds of lymphomas, including splenic marginal zone lymphoma, marginal zone (MALT) lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Ritcher transformation), can result in DLBCL. Likewise, an immunosuppressive medication used in transplant patients is a risk factor for the development of B-cell lymphomas. HIV is a risk factor for neoplasm development, as it decreases the hosts' ability to regulate malignant cells. Certain infectious agents can directly manipulate the DNA, as seen in Burkitt's lymphoma, where the Epstein Barr virus DNA is transported into the B cell nucleus, thus altering the B cell growth and development. Chronic immunodeficiency of T cells and B cell stimulation can be the possible cause for NHL in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. ![]() Genetic alterations in the BCL6 gene can be seen in 20% to 40% of the patients. Like any other malignancy, B cell lymphomas can result from the genetic mutations affecting the proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes however, the environment within the lymph nodes can also promote lymphomagenesis. ![]() ![]() Most of the B- cell lymphomas are derived from the germinal center. The development of B cells can be categorized into 3 stages- pre-germinal, germinal, and post-germinal center. Depending on the morphology, genetics, and immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells, a cell of origin (COO) is proposed. The B cell lymphomas result from the malignant proliferation of B cells during their various stages of development.
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